![]() ![]() Local extinctions of large frugivores are common (e.g. One of the major consequences of the current biodiversity crisis is defaunation, the local loss or decline of medium- and large-sized vertebrates (Dirzo et al., Reference Dirzo, Young, Galetti, Ceballos, Isaac and Collen2014). leporina populations can be a cost-effective tool to restore ecological processes, especially seed dispersal, in Neotropical forests. We recommend the cessation of releases, with efforts redirected to continued monitoring, investigation and management of possible threats to the species’ persistence, and to quantification of the re-establishment of ecological processes. As the reintroduced population is capable of unassisted growth, we conclude that the reintroduction has been successful in the medium term. ![]() By March 2015 the number of wild-born individuals fluctuated around 30 and overall growth of the population was positive. Population size and survival were estimated using a robust design Poisson-log normal mixed-effects mark–resight model. To assess whether this reintroduced population established successfully we monitored it using mark–resighting during November 2013–March 2015. In 2009 a reintroduction effort was initiated to re-establish a population of the red-rumped agouti Dasyprocta leporina, a scatter-hoarding rodent known to be an important disperser of large seeds, with the aim of restoring ecological processes at Tijuca National Park, south-east Brazil. In addition, many reintroductions fail to conduct post-release monitoring, hampering both assessment of their success and implementation of adaptive management actions. However, few initiatives focus on the restoration of ecological processes. Reintroduction of locally extirpated species is an increasingly popular conservation tool. ![]()
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